{"id":143,"date":"2024-07-12T07:43:55","date_gmt":"2024-07-12T07:43:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/?p=143"},"modified":"2024-07-24T10:43:03","modified_gmt":"2024-07-24T10:43:03","slug":"sach-thu-vien-va-van-hoa-doc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/?p=143","title":{"rendered":"S\u00c1CH, TH\u01af VI\u1ec6N V\u00c0 V\u0102N H\u00d3A \u0110\u1eccC"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

S\u00e1ch, trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u4e66 \u7c4d, t\u1ee9c Th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch, theo \u0111\u00f3, s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc,… T\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Ng\u00e0y nay, s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang trong m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1ch c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u <\/a>t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm V\u00f9ng L\u01b0\u1ee1i Li\u1ec1m Ph\u00ec Nhi\u00eau C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng (The Fertile Cressent of the Near-East). \u0110\u1ec3 truy t\u00ecm c\u00e1c di v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0o x\u1edbi qui m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, do nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 may m\u1eafn ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4 (sun-baked clay tablets) c\u00f3 ghi nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. Lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Sumer, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 3150 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean (TCN), l\u00e0 m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 3150 TCN \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 Th\u1eddi Ti\u1ec1n S\u1eed (prehistoric). \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u201cKh\u00e2m ban \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0i\u201d hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cC\u1ea7u Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb k\u00fd\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 L\u00ea th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1eb7ng 7kg, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p b\u1edfi hai t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n trang s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u00f9ng chi\u00eam tr\u0169ng H\u00e0 Nam, n\u01a1i \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian t\u1eeb ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eddi nay. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 582 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, hai trang ru\u1ed9t c\u00f3 19 d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, d\u00f2ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 1 ch\u1eef, d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 37 ch\u1eef, m\u1ed7i l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u1eafc ch\u1eef H\u00e1n n\u1ed5i \u00e1p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh trang. G\u00e1y s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng 4 khuy\u00ean tr\u00f2n, ghi r\u00f5 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m ra l\u00e0 6-3 n\u0103m H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 3 (1472). Theo b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e1n N\u00f4m, \u201cC\u1ea7u Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb k\u00fd\u201d l\u00e0 s\u1eed li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh trang c\u1ee7a vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GS. Kobayashi, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 V\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, \u0110H Tokyo, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTh\u00f4ng tin h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh (visual) \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1ea5t nhanh. N\u00e3o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t nhanh. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c trong n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00e3o ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (imagination) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t theo kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m. T\u1eeb ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tr\u1ec5 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3, n\u00e3o ph\u1ea3i suy ng\u1eabm, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. L\u00fd do l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i s\u00e1ch ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ch\u1eadm, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i ch\u1eadm n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u01b0 duy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch th\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 n\u00e3o m\u1ea5t \u0111i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khi m\u1ea5t \u0111i hai n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m \u0111i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u00f4i mong b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u00ec n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ea1ch v\u0103n v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ea1ch v\u0103n l\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1ch, cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. T\u1eeb m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111i ra \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i cho tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, \u0111am m\u00ea \u0111\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 cao s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u201cLi\u00ean x\u00f4 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1957:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLi\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u00f3 392.000 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi 1.300 tri\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch. To nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n L\u00eanin \u1edf M\u00e1txc\u01a1va, v\u1edbi 19 tri\u1ec7u quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng 160 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 2.200.000 quy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, h\u01a1n 5.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn xem s\u00e1ch \u1edf Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n L\u00eanin. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, n\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u01a1 quan, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng s\u00e1ch. Ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 119.000 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 300 tri\u1ec7u quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch. C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ee3i khen ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft “B\u1edfi ch\u0103m \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch n\u00ean mau thu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u1eddng”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u00e1ch, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef s\u00e1ch, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch qua th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng tri th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kho t\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (G.V.Leibniz)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i gi\u1eef s\u00e1ch, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u2013 s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00fd tr\u00ed n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3\u201d (Ph\u00ea\u0111\u00f4r\u00f4p)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00e9p c\u1eeda l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi t\u00ednh tham lam, l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 \u00e1i, t\u1ec7 say r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i h\u01b0 t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u do c\u00e1i d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t, s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 c\u00f4ng r\u1ed7i ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u1ea7u t\u01b0 sinh ra. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00e1i v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng quan l\u1edbn sang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u00e0y\u201d (D. Henziut)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1ch l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1n b\u00ecnh y\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi cha m\u1eb9. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay tr\u00ean tay, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t trang s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi m\u1edf ra cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, khi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c SINH RA L\u1ea6N TH\u1ee8 HAI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Doaiphuongthucac)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

——————————<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam: https:\/\/\/nlv.gov.vn\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed: https:\/\/baotanglichsu\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. S\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0110H Tokyo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00e1ch, trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u4e66 \u7c4d, t\u1ee9c Th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch, theo \u0111\u00f3, s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":439,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[73],"class_list":["post-143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-van-hoa-doc","tag-van-hoa-doc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=143"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":579,"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143\/revisions\/579"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=143"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}