T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Robert Neil Macgregor (sinh n\u0103m 1946), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eed gia ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Anh (2003 \u2013 2009). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eed gia ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00ean s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch theo \u0111\u00fang ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 du h\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian, d\u00f5i theo h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG THAM GIA v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0-n\u00f3-\u0111ang-di\u1ec5n-ra l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 NG\u01af\u1edcI QUAN S\u00c1T V\u00c0 S\u01afU T\u1ea6M h\u1eadu-s\u1ef1-ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cnh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh\u201d (Tg).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, ta c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u201cv\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, hay m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u00ednh DUY NH\u1ea4T. S\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n; hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed8C B\u1ea2N. Nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay trong L\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cNhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi\u201d, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u2013 th\u1ee9 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfm hoi \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cK\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00f4ng qua hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng\u201d, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi kho hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m qua h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Anh, th\u00ec t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m kh\u00e1i \u201c\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3i\u201d. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y ta v\u1ec1 \u201cV\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt\u201d, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec c\u0169ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u1edf ra cho ta \u201cnh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi\u201d th\u00ec b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ta h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cv\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u201chi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9\u201d. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t th\u00e0nh, do v\u1eady th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft s\u00f3ng, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1m tuy\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia, nh\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m k\u00ec c\u1ef1u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i n\u1ebfu \u201cb\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang nh\u1ecbp\u201d, ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, xa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung, v\u1edbi 100 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia theo nh\u00f3m, c\u1ee9 5 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed7i ch\u1eb7ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Ph\u1ea7n trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch. Hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp Hornedjitef, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u01b0 t\u1ebf Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ea5p cao ra \u0111\u1eddi kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 240 TCN. V\u1ed1n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng ngay t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp Ai C\u1eadp, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 v\u0103n m\u00ecnh Ai C\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1t r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u0103n minh lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, b\u1edfi hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y g\u1eafn v\u1edbi thu\u1edf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ngay khi b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ngay \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng v\u1eady. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng khi c\u00f2n b\u00e9 th\u01a1 v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t trong s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00f2 m\u00f2. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng \u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(DuongThuTrang)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Robert Neil Macgregor (sinh n\u0103m 1946), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eed gia ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Anh (2003 \u2013 2009). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":205,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[143,66,67],"class_list":["post-590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tu-sach-duong-thu-trang","tag-tu-sach-duong-thu-trang","tag-tu-sach-nguoi-xu-doai","tag-tu-sach-van-quan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=590"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":592,"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/590\/revisions\/592"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doaiphuongthucac.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"